Ubuntu notes

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发布时间：2019-06-18

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ubuntu notes

1 backup data

CHAPTER 32 Backing Up Data, Keir Thomas, Beginning Ubuntu linux

packages:

Simple Backup Suite (SBackup

2 Basics Ubuntu

extract .tar.gz file in Ubuntu

Compress an Entire Directory or a Single File

tar cvzf example.tar.gz /path/to/directory -c: Create an archive -z: Compress the archive with g*z*ip -v: dispaly progress in the terminal -f: specify the *f*ilename of the archive

Extract an Archive

tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz

cutting, copying and pasting in terminal Ubuntu X #cutting C # copying Ctrl+Shift+V #pasting

3 Install, uninstall packages

sudo apt-get install package_name

sudo apt-get remove package_name

sudo apt-get purge package_name #remove package and dependencies

4 Basic Unix

pwd #print Working Directory

ls #prints filenames in a list

ls -a #prints all filenames, including hidden files

ls -l #'long' list, displays info including permissions.

ls -h #prints the sizes of files in units you can read

ls -tr #t for time sorted, r for reverse

cd ~/ # return to home directory

cd ../ # move up one directory

mkdir [foldername] # make directory

5 Glossary

PPA

personal package archives

6 FAQ

6.1 sudo: unable to resolve host 127.0.0.1localhost

solution:

$ vim /etc/hostnameUbuntu$ vim /etc/hosts127.0.0.1       localhost Ubuntu

6.2 check packages installed

use , a package manager for Ubuntu

To check a specified package:

$ dpkg -s [package name]

To list all packages:

$ dpkg-query -l

6.3 Ubuntu on lenovo ideapad 100s

default windows, UEFI, only allow to disable secure boot,

do not have BIOS compatibility mode

Turn off the machine

Press the recovery button next to the HDD light.

Select BIOS Setup

In configuration, turn off Secure boot, select Reset to Setup Mode.

Press F10 to save and exit.

Turn off the machine again, press the recovery button.

Select Boot Menu

Select Ubuntu under EFI Boot Devices.

6.3.1 system does not have any USB boot option, please select other boot option in Boot manager menu

6.4 killing unnecessary processes

keywords: background process, kill

To list all processes:

ps -ef

From the terminal, ps -ef will list all the processes. See man ps. See man kill, man 2 kill, man killall, man nice, man pkill, man renice, man 7 signal, and man skill to mess with processes. However, simply killing a process that you think is useless may be a mistake. The system might restart the process, or something you depend on might depend on the process you killed. Learn what the processes do, and look at etc/init and /etc/init.d, /etc/rc?.d, man service to see how processes are started by the system.

6.5 Image Converter

change image format

eps to pdf > package > epstopdf [options] [epsfile]

6.6 images to video

use avconv

syntax:

avconv [global options] [[infile options][‘-i’ infile]]... {[outfile options] outfile}

e.g.

avconv -r 10 -start_number 8 -i filename_%d.png -b:v 1000k test.mp4

avconv -i v_%d.png -b:v 1000k velocity.mp4

input file

bitrate

7 screen recording on Ubuntu

packages:

byzanz

kazam

-recordmydesktop

7.0.1 byzanz

To record full screen on a 24 inch monitor:

$byzanz-record --duration=10 -c --width=1920 --height=1080 test1.gif

1080p=1920*1080

coordinates start from the left corner

byzanz-record -d 20 -c -x 0 -y 0 -w 700 -h 550 -v out.gif

where -d : duration : 20 seconds to be recorded -c : cursor also to be recorded -x : left co-ordinate of the recording rectangle -y : right co-ordinate of the recording rectangle -w : width of the recoding rectangle -h : height of the recording rectangle -v : verbose output out.gif : output file name

To launch a terminal $ byzanz-record –help

which returns:

*************Usage:  byzanz-record [OPTION...] record your current desktop sessionHelp Options:  -?, --help               Show help options  --help-all               Show all help options  --help-gtk               Show GTK+ OptionsApplication Options:  -d, --duration=SECS      Duration of animation (default: 10 seconds)  --delay=SECS             Delay before start (default: 1 second)  -l, --loop               Let the animation loop  -c, --cursor             Record mouse cursor  -x, --x=PIXEL            X coordinate of rectangle to record  -y, --y=PIXEL            Y coordinate of rectangle to record  -w, --width=PIXEL        Width of recording rectangle  -h, --height=PIXEL       Height of recording rectangle  -v, --verbose            Be verbose  --display=DISPLAY        X display to use****************

Three shell scripts:

byzanz-record-window –> to select a window for recording

byzanz-record-region –> to select a part of the screen for recording

a simple GUI front-end for 1, by MHC

8 Packages

To check xxPackage installation path

dpkg -L <packagename>

the terminal responding as:

/usr/lib/paraview/

8.1 extract a page from a multiple pages pdf

use pdftk package

pdftk full-pages.pdf cat 1 output outfile_1.pdf

in the above command, input file is full-pages.pdf, you extract page 1 and save it as outfile_1.pdf

8.2 Mendeley

8.3 Light Ubuntu OS

linux lite

Lubuntu

8.4 Python

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install python3.6

8.5 Octave: matlab alternative

8.6 video Download

you-get package To upgrade you-get: > $ pip3 install –upgrade you-get

e.g.

$ you-get -i 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'

then you can see all formats and their corresponding tags, download a specified video format.

$ you-get –itag=18 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'

8.7 Transmission

download a BitTorrent

8.8 PDF viewer

Okular set default pdf viewer

8.9 Tor Browser on Ubuntu 16.04

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/tor-browser

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install tor-browser

8.10 Thunderbird

8.10.1 office 365

8.10.2 add Gmail account to thunderbird

first enable IMAP on your Gmail account. See Gmail's instructions for help. (IMAP is enabled on new Gmail accounts by default.)
On your computer, open Gmail. In the top right, click Settings Settings. Click Settings. Click the Forwarding and POP/IMAP tab. In the "IMAP Access" section, select Enable IMAP. Click Save Changes.

Step 2: Change SMTP & other settings in your email client

File > New > Existing Mail Account

The "Mail Account Setup" dialog is displayed. After you provide your account information (real name, email address and password), Thunderbird will automatically configure your Gmail connection. Click Done, sign in with your Google account if prompted and that's all! Thunderbird will download your existing messages and your Gmail will be ready to use.

Use the table below to update your client with the correct information. For help updating your settings, search your email client's Help Center for instructions on setting up IMAP.

Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server:

imap.gmail.com

Requires SSL: Yes

Port: 993

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

smtp.gmail.com

Requires SSL: Yes

Requires TLS: Yes (if available)

Requires Authentication: Yes

Port for SSL: 465

Port for TLS/STARTTLS: 587 Full Name or Display Name Your name Account Name, User name, or Email address Your full email address Password Your Gmail password

8.11 To set up Thunderbird to sync to your Outlook.com account’s email:

Open Thunderbird.

From the Application menu, choose Add Account…

Input your account information, choose Options… then Account Settings…

Click the Account Actions button, then choose Add Mail Account…

Input your account information.

Click Continue.

Click Manual config.

Set the Incoming settings as follows:
a. Server hostname: imap-mail.outlook.com. (smtp.office365.com)

b. Port: 993.

c. SSL: SSL/TLS.

d. Authentication: Normal password.

Set the Outgoing settings as follows:
a. Server hostname: smtp-mail.outlook.com. (smtp.office365.com)

b. Port: 587.

c. SSL: STARTTLS.

d. Authentication: Normal password.

Click Done.

For more information on connecting your app to Outlook.com, visit this link: .

8.12 Outlook 365

Start your Thunderbird client.

Go to Tools and then Account Settings…

Select Account Actions and then Add Mail Account…

Enter Your name and your QMUL Email address (eg qm.staff@qmul.ac.uk) and QMUL Password.

Don’t forget to tick the Remember password option before clicking Continue.

If successful you will be able to click Done to complete the email set up and start using your account.

Thunderbird may not automatically find the settings and the following error message will appear:

'Thunderbird failed to find the settings for your email account.'

Amend Incoming IMAP server hostname to ‘outlook.office365.com’ and Outgoing SMTP to ‘smtp.office365.com’.

Change the Incoming port to 993 and the Outgoing port to 587.

Change the Incoming SSL to ‘SSL/TLS’ and the Authentication to ‘Normal Password’, and the Outgoing SSL to ‘Autodetect’ and Authentication to ‘Autodetect’.

Amend the entry for Username to your QMUL username including the '@qmul.ac.uk' suffix (eg abc123@qmul.ac.uk).

Click Re-Test.

13 .Click Done to complete the email set up and start using your account.

9 Update

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

10 Chinese input

10.1 fcitx

install fcitx

sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin

After that, launch Language Support utility and select use Fcitx:

Finally restart your computer and you’ll see a keyboard icon in panel. Go to Configure (see menu in the top picture) and do:
click the bottom left plus icon. uncheck “show current language” scroll down and choose an IM you want finally click OK.

10.2 Sougou input

Install fcitx > sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-googlepinyin fcitx-table-wbpy fcitx-pinyin fcitx-sunpinyin

11 Resilio sync

11.1 installation

11.2 reset my WebUI password

To reset login and password settings, follow these steps:

Quit Sync and close WebUI.

Go to the Linux packages:

var/lib/resilio-sync if launched as default rslsync user. /home/username.config/resilio-sync/storage if launched as current user.

Locate and remove the following files:

settings.dat settings.dat.old

Once the files are removed, restart Sync, open WebUI and enter your new login and password.

12 Commands

chmod

is the command and system call which may change the access permissions to file system objects.

systemctl

Control the systemd system and service manager

12.1 make

build automation tool that automatically builds

executable programs and libraries from source code

13 Package Manager

13.1 dpkg

dpkg

a package manager for

Debian-based systems.

It can install, remove, and build packages, but unlike other package management systems, it cannot automatically download and install packages or their dependencies.

(no term)

you can install a local

.deb ile by entering:

sudo dpkg -i example.deb

Change=example.deb=to the actual file name of the local .deb file you wish to install.

2 . Uninstalling a package can be accomplished by:

sudo dpkg -r zip

Uninstalling packages using dpkg, in most cases, is NOT recommended. It is better to use a package manager that handles dependencies to ensure that the system is in a consistent state. For example using dpkg -r zip will remove the zip package, but any packages that depend on it will still be installed and may no longer function correctly.

14 BEM code

14.1 compiling

>f95 wake_tudk.f dyn_aero.f #compile TUDK model >f95 wake_gh.f dyn_aero.f # GH model

15 Introduction

16 update

sudo apt-get update # Fetches the list of available updates sudo apt-get upgrade # Strictly upgrades the current packages sudo apt-get dist-upgrade # Installs updates (new ones)

17 Resilio sync

Installing Resilio Sync on Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 16.10 via Official Repository

Open up a terminal window and edit the sources.list file with nano or your preferred text editor.

>> sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Append the following APT line at the end of this file.

>> deb resilio-sync non-free Save and close the file.

In order for APT to authenticate packages from the above repository, we need to import Resilio Sync’s public key. First download the public key with wget.

>> wget

Then import the public key with apt-key.

>> sudo apt-key add key.asc

update local package index and install Resilio Sync.

>> sudo apt update

>> sudo apt install resilio-sync

Managing Resilio Sync

To start Resilio Sync, use systemctl command.

sudo systemctl start resilio-sync

And enable auto start at boot time using the following command:

sudo systemctl enable resilio-sync

Check its status.

systemctl status resilio-sync

jack Ali

18 change directory

cd #change directory format: cd [option] [directory] cd ./ #current folder cd .. # upper folder cd ~ #home directory pwd #print working directory mkdir #make directory rmdir #remove directory cd - #last directory